Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology

Everyone loves a good tragedy. The ones that make you cry and give the person next to you a big hug. Jack and Rose in Titanic; ninety percent of the people I know cry every time they watch Titanic. Rhett Butler and Scarlett O’Hara in Gone With The Wind, even Borat and Pamela Anderson in the movie Borat! But this paper isn’t about tragedies in recent times; it’s about love stories gone wrong†¦in Greek mythology. I have researched the stories I think were the saddest and most touching: Apollo and Hyacinthus: Apollo, the Greek god of knowledge and the arts had many affairs with both men and women, most of which didn’t end so well.He had an affair with Hyacinthus who was a prince of Sparta. Hyacinthus admired and loved Apollo so much so that he followed him everywhere. One afternoon, the lovers decided to practice discus throwing. You’d think it was a harmless enough game for two people in love to play. Apollo threw the discus and in such excitemen t to get it, the discuss hit Hyacinthus square on the head instantly killing him. Apollo later learned that it was Zephyrus (god of the West wind) who was also deeply in love with him, that manipulated the winds resulting in the change in direction of the discuss and ultimately the killing of Hyacinthus.It is said that the grieving Apollo turned his beloved Hyacinthus into the flower we all know as the Hyacinth. This is a good example of people who lose loved ones and keep mementos of them, keeping them in their memories. Apollo and Clytie: This is another story of Apollo’s many love affairs. I guess he just liked to ‘sow his seeds wildly’. Apollo and Clytie were hopelessly in love. Obliviously happy. Then Apollo did what he knew how to do best, he left Clytie for another woman: princess Leucothea. Feeling robbed, Clytie ousted Leucothea to her father who judged that his daughter be buried alive.Clytie thought she would finally have her Apollo back but alas this made him turn away from her for good. Sad as she was, she sat on a rock for days without food, waiting for her beloved and staring at the sky. Clytie suffered and turned brown and yellow, eventually turning into a heliotrope flower (it always turns its head towards the sky). This is an example of going to extreme lengths for love and yes, it often does not end well. Eos and Tithonus: After being cursed by Aphrodite to be eternally in love, goddess of the sun, Eos, fell in love with a Trojan Tithonus.Being so enchanted and taken with him, she kidnapped him and took him to Zeus to ask him for immortality for Tithonus. Zeus did give him the immortality that Eos asked for but in her haste she didn’t ask for eternal youth and health for Tithonus. So yes they were together forever but Tithonus grew older and older with each passing day. He eventually lost use of his body but he whimpered every so often. In need of preserving her love for him, she turned him into a cicada. To foreve r sing a mournful tone to her. Orpheus and Eurydice:Orpheus, son of Muse Calliope was married to Eurydice. Once, he sailed with the Argonauts meanwhile, back at home, Aristaeus attempted to seduce Eurydice away from Orpheus. But faithful she was. She fled him and unfortunately, she trod on a serpent which bit her and killed her. When Orpheus returned and found his wife dead, he played a song so mournful and sad that the gods and nymphs told him to go to Hades and retrieve her. He went to Hades and asked for his Eurydice back. Hades agreed and told him that she would follow him back to earth on the one condition that he not look back.As they approached the gates of the underworld, Orpheus couldn’t resist. ‘Is she really following me? ’ he thought ‘I can’t tell. ’ He couldn’t wait to see her face. He turned around and with that he watched her fade away, slip, away from him forever. This story is indicative of what love can do to people. I t makes you break the rules because it hurts so bad to abide by those rules. Narcissus and Echo: The nymph, Echo, was cursed by Hera to be unable to start conversation and to repeat last words uttered by others.She was hopelessly in love with Narcissus, son of a river god who was incredibly handsome as well as incredibly vain. One day Narcissus went hunting and Echo saw him and followed him. Narcissus thought he heard someone behind him and asked ‘Who’s there? ’ and poor Echo, unable to say anything apart from that, replied ‘Who’s there? ’ In a last ditch effort to get Narcissus’ attention, she showed herself to him but he turned her away and went on with his hunting. Heartbroken Echo went into a cave, sat and sadly faded away into nothingness†¦a voice.Narcissus grew thirsty from his hunting and decided to take a drink in the river. He saw his reflection in the water and fell in love with it, never knowing that it was HIS reflectio n. For fear of destroying the reflection he didn’t drink the water and wasted away of thirst, turning into the narcissus flower. I think this is the worst story because they both died of unrequited love which to me seems like the worst kind of scenario. Echo never being loved by Narcissus and Narcissus never being loved by his reflection. They both died unsatisfied.

Research Reflection

If I had one Job to choose in this world it would be a veterinarian specializing in equine. When I was little this was what I knew I wanted to grow up and do, even knowing I would have to go to school for what seemed to be forever to receive my doctorate. Since before I was walking I was riding horses, which lead into the rodeo route when I turned eleven and was the main focus point my whole life and if there's passion I had, it was rodeo.The environment and passion rodeo provided me made me want to become a vet so much more; I wanted to know everything possible. When I was about sixteen is when I realized how much I wanted to pursue being a veterinarian. I was on the rodeo road hard core at this point in my life, it even took me out of normal high school to be home schooled while on the road. My main horse was getting hurt on a regular basis which led me to develop a close relationship with a vet who was an equine specialist.When you're a vet you can work for yourself and if it is s omething you enjoy and want to have the knowledge and willingness to learn, you will be successful by the knowledge and the fact that people will trust you with their animals that they hold lose to their hearts. The hours may be long and tiring but when you enjoy your work the hours don't seem as long as they are. When someone puts their trust into you, you appreciate that and don't want to let them down. Its not Just an animal to people, it's like a child and for some people they can have up to half a million dollars invested.The work environment is so amazing as you are inside and outside helping what you love, for me its horses. When you walk into the office to advise you're there for your appointment your greeting with smiling faces to make you comfortable owing you're in good hands. You have places to unload and place your horses while your waiting so they are not uncomfortable if they are in pain or sick. My goals in this role of life would first to be to finish school top in the class showing the knowledge and education provided to me.I would want to have an internship with a well-known and trusted equine vet to establish and create the knowledge of someone who has been in the business and established. I would want to open my own business after I have created a small knowledge for the customers for myself. Once my business was opened I would want to have another veterinarian on board to handle the over boarding of many customers and emergency services for patients. I would want to create and share knowledge with customers and establish for the long run of the work place.I would want to be trusted and a well-known place to go when you're in need of any help with your equine. My interest were much conformed into a lot of different major categories, unfortunately my dream Job of a veterinarian was not on there. The closest thing to my interest would be animal caretaker. With my dream major not being listed, it Just wows me that my interest are more geared to creating of animals. The education level needed for an animal caretaker is only a high school diploma and previous work experience. The annual salary is only about $21 ,OHO.O which is another reason to me that sometimes the things you enjoy Just are not good ideas for the economy the way it is. Currently before completing my education that is less than half of my annual salary. My prior knowledge I was very well aware that unless you can struggle, or make it through school you cannot follow your heart to a small time Job that satisfied our needs; when it is that situation makes that your hobby not career. Parker, Heather M. â€Å"CUFF. Org – Interest Profiler. † CUFF. Org – Interest Profiler. College Foundation, 14 July 2014. Web. 4 July 2014 My dream Job of a vet compared to an animal caretaker differs in a few different ways from the salary to structure. The salaries vary greatly from a five figure annual salary to up to six. The Job satisfaction would be t he same but as an animal caretaker you will not be able to provide care to heal or verify an illness. You will not have the same petition and the status in the community of the equine world; more of a barn hand to the owner on the supply chain. As a vet you have the same legal liabilities as a doctor with humans, you have to care and be passionate.Ethical values are a moral code each of us has grown into as a personality; it has become part of you good or bad. The NAVA has established a set of principles and they are available online as well, they are well rounded values everyone should stand up to. You never want to portray unprofessional; you want to uphold your profession. You want to treat your customers as if you wanted to be rated. You never want to take advantage of them or withhold the truth or information. You are resuming the obligation of your clients to make decisions for the health of the animal.The purpose of ethical codes is to ensure that everyone is getting treated fairly and the same, with respect. If you go to the doctor and they diagnose you with this terminal illness or something serious, you believe them and take them serious. The question comes in if you go through a lot of test and understanding to only find out that you have wasted your money because there is nothing really wrong with you. That would upset anyone, even to be glad to know you're okay but you have been betrayed by someone you have trusted that's not ethical or morally right.There are many consequences from actions from you performing unethical acts, you can never gain the trust of clients and create new customer relationships. As I stated earlier you want to establish a great patient and client base, they need to trust you and understand that you're going to help; without that you may never make it in your profession. They can also range to legal issues; it is illegal to perform necessary medical acts without the patient and client understanding consent.Acting ethically is something that should be a natural act for you, as when you were a kid treats others how you would like to be treated. If you're in the medical field think that you want your doctor to treat your mother how he/she would treat their mother. Same thing applies in the veterinarian world; there is a lot of investment and love in an animal like a child. If you are in it for the money or position on the pole of hierarchy your already thinking unethically. When it comes to the care and health of there and others loved ones you should naturally want the best.

Plato Republic Discussion Question

In platos republic, book VI, platos tells the story of Allegory of the cave. This story tells of what plato believes true education is. First plato tells what education is not. â€Å"Education isn’t what some people declare it to be, namly, putting knowledge into souls that lack it, like putting sight into blind eyes†(518b) then plato describes what he thinks education is. â€Å"Then education is the craft concerned with doing this very thing, this turning around, and with how the soul can most easily and effectively be made to do it.It isn’t the craft of putting sight into the soul. Education takes for granted that sight is there but that it isn’t turned the right way or looking where it ought to look, and it tries to redirect it appropriately. † (518d)I believe in the story, the effect on one who goes into education is that he possesses the spiritual enlightenment of the form of the good. Education is up to man himself and can only learn to a cert ain limit. In the sensible realm, the lowest on the list is the shadows, imagers, and reflections.In the story the prisoners can only see the shadows and nothing else. This effects their soul because they are only limited to that and the soul has nothing to grow upon. Education is like the metaphor of the sun, being able to see clearly and in reality. I think platos view of education is sensible to me. I understand how plato is explaining how the shadows and darkness is like being limited and unless you find the light you will not be successful. Once you find the light it will help you to get away from the shadows and be able to â€Å"see† more clearly.

North Country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

North Country - Essay Example However, an underlying issue in this positive feedback was the equally superb characterization of the other roles, which highlighted the value of the Josey Aimes character. One of the most important of these supporting roles was the character played by Frances McDormand, Glory Dodge. She was Aimes’ best friend and that she was the one who encouraged Josey to work on the mines. In perhaps the best description of Glory, Kyle spoke on her behalf and declared: â€Å"My name is Glory Dodge and I’m not fucking dead yet. I stand with Josey.† Through the other characters, Theron was able to deliver and demonstrate what was called for by her role. There was a requirement to give the character as well as the narrative the compelling human detail. Through Dodge, for example, the director and storyteller were able to depict a believable Josey, one who just wanted a house of her own, sufficient meals and clothes for her children and just enough extra dollars so she could buy her son hockey skates once in a while. Dodge played the proverbial best friend, who was there to highlight the need, frustrations and longings of the leading character. In many instances, she offered the ways out of the mess for Josey. Concerning the mine, it was Glory who told Josey about the mine, about how working for it could mean a decent life for her family. Dodge, besides playing the part of the best friend – the person who is there to help, cheer, scold and be nice to Josey – also reinforced Aimes’ experience as a woman miner. Like Josey, she was a miner and had been subjected to such workplace vicissitudes including being sexually harassed, discriminated upon and treated as someone inferior simply because of her gender. Glory warned that Josey have to be tough and that she should learn to get right back to the men and not to show that her experiences get to her. What is interesting here is that Dodge offered an alternative approach in dealing with

Quality Management Assessment Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality Management Assessment Summary - Essay Example stomer’s expectations, quality management programs are put in place to ensure that services rendered to customers meet the suggestions brought forth by customers through suggestion boxes and social network forums. Quality management assessment is also carried out to identify problems facing various departments of the hospital. This purpose is achieved because in the course of assessing staff and departmental heads for the quality of service they render, the opportunity comes for management to know common areas that staff normally falls short – therefore common problems of the hospital. Quality management assessment also paves way for building strong commitment among workers. The commitment building sets in as employees are constantly assured that management are concerned about their problems and take steps towards solving. Finally through quality management assessment, opportunity is created to promote open decision-making among workers of the hospital because quality m anagement assessment is conducted in a democratic and open manner where all workers are given the opportunity to bring on board problems that face them in their departments. Quality management assessment has several components that come together to make the phenomenon more of a process rather than an event. Because it is a process, quality management assessment comes with a number of key concepts. Three of such concepts are that quality management assessment applies analytical tools, uses process techniques and integrates other management concepts. Kaluzny, McLaughlin and Simpson (1992) notes that quality management assessment employs analytical tools â€Å"such as flow and statistical charts and check sheets, to gather data about activities within an organization.† This means that quality management assessment opens itself up to quantitative analysis that makes results gathered from quality management assessments very empirical and reliable. On process techniques, there is always the adoption of

2012 Olympic's impact on Sports management in London Essay

2012 Olympic's impact on Sports management in London - Essay Example Hence, Tennis Wimbledon Tournament or Football League Championship is mega-event known all over the world, which attracts millions of viewers. Also today there is no grown-up person who is not aware what the word â€Å"Olympics† means and who has not watched the greatest international complex sport competitions on television at least once. It is well-known that the famous symbol of Olympics, five colorful rings, can be identified by more than ninety per cent of planet’s population. This exceeds the recognition of such extremely popularized brands as Nike, Coca-Cola and McDonalds (Vigor, Mean, Tims 2004, pp. 4). Even in a far antiquity Olympic Games were the main sport event of all the times and nations. During the period of Olympics peace and consent were proclaimed on the Earth. The wars stopped and all dignified athletes competed in a fair fight for the top ranking. Olympic movement managed to overcome a lot of impediments, among which were: interruptions by World War s, attacks of terrorists, including bombing, kidnapping of sportsmen, murders, boycotts, and various diplomatic incidents. However, the Great Games have survived and currently take place every forth year, with interchange of summer and winter games with a difference of two years. Nowadays Olympics are spread on a large scale, being equipped with the latest techniques and recorded by numerous computers and cameras for defining the final results of the sportsmen with a high accuracy. Lately the cities that organize Olympics become the capitals of the world for the period of games holding. The place of the consecutive Games is announced beforehand for giving at least seven years to the country to get itself ready. Hence, London has been officially chosen for the Olympics 2012 on the sixth of July 2005, leaving behind such serious rivals as Paris, Moscow, New-York and

Juvenile delinquency and the family structure Annotated Bibliography - 1

Juvenile delinquency and the family structure - Annotated Bibliography Example They agree that enhancement of joint effort in support towards youths are at risk between military and civilian schools, courts and other children and family support programs so as to ensure harmony in the activities. Juvenile offenders need to be incorporated into community services that work in collaboration with youth empowerment groups. The article views military families as being under constant stress despite being resilient in some occasions. The stress levels arise due to deployments, disabilities during the service and deaths that arise during military operations. The author established that teenagers in military families tend to have their needs go unmet as well as overlooked by both the legal and social organizations. The teens are overlooked because they are viewed as young adults who are able to take care of heir own issues especially when their parents have been deployed in other war-torn countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq. Moini, J. S., Zellman, G., Gates, S. M., National Defense Research Institute (U.S.), Rand Corporation., & United States. (2006). Providing child care to military families: The role of the demand formula in defining need and informing policy. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. The author described teenagers in military families as being challenged in their upbringing due to the absenteeism by their parents who stay away from them for a long period of time. He elaborated on the various challenges that the teens in military families are likely to face some of which are similar to those from civilian families. Some of those challenges includes learning difficulties, emotional problems, neglect violence during dating and abuse which leads them into delinquency and antisocial activities. The author seeks to explain the real meaning of juvenile delinquency in this book. He defined juvenile delinquency as the action by which people who

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Summary - Essay Example The difference between these two people lies in the way they perceive social situations. A shy person will do their best to avoid a social situation while exhibiting characteristics associated with inhibition of behavior, which implies that they are poor judges of social situations. On the other hand, an introvert does not prefer engaging in social situations since they consider such situations socially taxing. The society identifies introverts as people who appear problematic and are at a high propensity of suffering depression, or even HIV. Consequently, the society tends to associate introversion with negative aspects that discount the benefits of introversion, and especially in the workplace and other important spheres of life. Importantly, this societal norm fails to identify the importance of the cautious aspect that introverts highly exhibit. The aspect of being cautious helps introverts become better leaders than extroverts since they make better decisions as they are better listeners than extroverts. Walsh identifies the character of being an introvert as one that is inherent by either being inborn or inherited. In effect, introverts fake things that help them fit into the society and become more social than their natural self, which is their introvert-self. To accentuate the point on introversion being inborn, research on four-month old infants identified children who were highly reactive to stimuli as likely to become introverts in future. After following up on these subjects after they grew older, the subjects that the research had identified as highly reactive grew to become introverted teenagers. In this case, high reaction to stimuli is associated with cautiousness, which is a fundamental characteristic of introverts. Despite the society reproaching introverts while young, there are benefits associated with introverts. Unlike extroverts, who the idea of rewards arouses them over the prioritization of risks, introverts prioritize risks associated with a situation in order to make a decision. Hence, most successful businesspeople are introverts since they analyze the risks involved in every situation and make the right decisions since they are mindful of the risks involved. For this reason, Warren Buffet has become the world’s largest investor due to his introverted nature that helps him analyze risks involved before making an investment decision. In matters related to governance, Obama, an introvert, has made better decisions than his predecessors Bush and Clinton (extroverts) since he can analyze a situation and identify potential threats that might risk his career. Hence, Bush went to war in Iraq while Clinton was involved in the Lewinsky scandal, events which put the careers of the two at risk, since they failed to analyze the potential risks involved and made the wrong decisions. Other than the characteristic of being wary of the risks involved, introverts acquire transcendent skills in various fields related to s ports, music, and even in studies and in many other fields and professions. According to a researcher who grouped musicians in various categories, musicians who practiced, most of the time, in solitude exhibited awe-inspiring

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poverty - Essay Example e has been an on-going debate as to the actual poverty numbers in the past with many experts claiming there as many as one billion people who fall and live below the poverty line. Most of these poor are in developing countries of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest numbers of persons living below the poverty line. According to the World Bank, studies by Bhalla (2002) and Sala-i-Martin (2002) claim that the â€Å"number of people living in extreme poverty has fallen more sharply than as indicated by World Bank estimates†. The duo suggests that first World Bank’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the poverty rate by 2015 had in fact reached in 2000. In contrast other studies have stated that there has been no such decline as claimed by the World Bank. Reddy and Pogge (2002) and Wade (2002), in their assessment states that â€Å"the rate of decline in poverty is overstated by World Bank estimates.† These varying views are based on the various definitions or just understanding of what global poverty really is. The methods of measuring and assessing poverty data around the world also contributes to this differing school of thoughts. According to the World Bank (2008a) the world’s population living under extreme poverty dropped from 28 percent to 21 percent from 1990 to 2001 in developing countries around the world. The regions of East and South Asia witnessed most of the decline. In East Asia, the rate of poverty is said to have only dropped from 69 percent to 27 percent from 1990 to 2006. The same report suggests that the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa got worse as the number of people living under extreme poverty jumped from 231 million people in 1981 to 318 million in 2001, a 5 percent increase over 10 year period. Other regions of the world have not had dramatic changes in their poverty statistics. The economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia which experienced a sharp drop in income in the early 1990’s have seen poverty rates

Statistics and Soft Drink Essay Example for Free

Statistics and Soft Drink Essay CASE 1 DEMAND ESTIMATION and ELASTICITY: Soft Drinks in the U. S. Demand can be estimated with experimental data, time-series data, or cross-section data. In this case, cross-section data appear in the Excel file. Soft drink consumption in cans per capita per year is related to six-pack price, income per capita, and mean temperature across the 48 contiguous states in the United States. QUESTIONS 1. Given the data, please construct (a) a multiple linear regression equation and (b) a log-linear (exponential) regression equation for demand by MS Excel. (20%) 2. Given the MS Excel output in question 1, please compare the two regression equations’ coefficient of determination (R-square), F-test and t-test. Which equation is a good (better) fit? Which equation shows the stronger overall significance to predict the future demand? Which equation will you choose for a better demand estimation? Explain your answer in the language of statistics. (20%) 3. Given your choice of equation in question 2, please interpret each coefficient of independent variable in the soft drink demand estimated equation. (10%) 4. Given your choice of equation in question 2, how many cans/capita/year on soft drink should be for a state in which 6-pack price=$2. 45, Income/Capita=$36,500, and Mean Temp= 68Â °F? (20%) 5. Given your choice of equation in question 2 and the numbers in question 4, please calculate the price elasticity of demand and income elasticity. Comment on whether the demand is elastic or inelastic and whether soft drink is necessity, normal good or luxury good. (10%) 6. Now omit the price and temperature from the regression equation then run the regression again. Given the Excel output of only one independent variable, income, should a marketing plan for soft drinks be designed that relocates most canned drink machines into low-income neighborhoods? Please explain your answer in the language of economics. (20%).

High And Low Involvement Product

High And Low Involvement Product Intel Corporation is founded by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in year 1968, and allocated at United States, and slowly grow to be the leader of the market of microprocessor market. Microprocessor is one of the part of the computer and most of the people called it as the brain of the computer, it actually help to transfer data from the computer to the other data storage and respond to the hardware for an example show the word we type on monitor and others. From year 1968, Intel Corporation start to introduce several famous series of microprocessor like MCS-40 family, Pentium series, Atom series, Core 2 Duo series, i3 series,i5 series and the latest i7 series. For this assignment that brand or series of microprocessor introduced by Intel will be Intel Core i7 series which as know as the best microprocessor for the time. High and Low involvement decision making For Intel microprocessor product such as i7, it actually could be categorized in to both level of involvement. For the consumer who wanted to have a very good performance and long lasting processor they will do lots of research on the certain products and for the consumer who always purchase the Intel processor are also a high level of brand loyalty due to their purchase history in processor is just Intel, most of them will have a feeling that they only want Intel as the processor but not others like AMD, beside that Intel Core I7 also consider as a high price product compare to the other microprocessor. So in this case, Intel i7 is a high involvement products but at the same time due to the risk taken by the consumer to purchases it actually it just a low involvement product. Consumer decision making process Consumer decision making process is a cognitive process which start when a awareness of needs of the consumers and it ends when the consumer have dispose that particular product or service. In consumer decision making process, there are numerous different model but in this assignment the model that we will go through deeply will be the 5 stages of consumer decision making process. http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Books/B0/B64/IMG/fwk-tanner-fig03_002.jpg The Five Stages of Consumer Decision Making Process The five of the consumer decision making process will be, need recognition, search for product information, product evaluation, product choice and purchase, postpurchase use and evaluation of product, disposal of the product. Need recognition In this stage, consumer will concerned about what they want. For an example, a consumer actually found out that they need a better computer to play games or to do work, then they will start determine that what kind of processor they actually need, a better performance microprocessor come with a high graphic support for gaming or just a normal microprocessor for normal usage. Search for Product Information When the customer recognized what they want, they will look for information about microprocessor. For an example, there is a customer who realizes that he need a high performance of microprocessor for gaming then he will started to look for information of the existed product no matter from Intel or AMD. Product Evaluation When the customer finished on looking information in the microprocessor market, they might start to compare several product deeply to ensure which one will be the best for him to purchase. For gaming usage, the customer might choose Intel Core I7 and AMD Opteron as the choices available due to the performance that the product that can supply, and they might choose other product like Intel Core 2Duo or AMD Turion for their choice just because of the cheaper price and durability for normal usage. Product Choice and Purchase When the customer finish compare the featured between the microprocessor they choose, they will come to this stage to choose the product which they think is the best and purchase it mean the customer might purchase Intel Core I7 because after comparison they found out this microprocessor can provide a better performance and the reputation of this product is also good compare to the other microprocessor after the research made. Post purchase uses and Evaluation of the Product After consumes of Intel Core I7, the customer will come to this stage to evaluate whether Intel Core I7 meet their expectation or it did not. The features that the consumer will evaluate might the performance of the microprocessor whether is it fast enough or smooth enough when they playing game and how long is the microprocessor last for, few months or few years. These attribute will be the features that the consumer will evaluate after they consumer or used the product. Psychological Core Attention From this advertisement, it actually attracts attention of the people while people saw it. This advertisement actually mentions that there is a series of new microprocessor being introduced to the market by Intel through the sentence stated in the advertisement. From this advertisement, it also mentions that the brand new series of the Intel microprocessor will also be faster and even smarter compare to the old series of the microprocessor. And this kind of attention we called it as selective attention. Intel also created a very popular stimulus attention to most of the consumer which is a start up sound of the Intel computer, and this unique sound have been memorized by most of the Intel user and they will know that while this unique sound started up when the people on their computer, their microprocessor must be Intel. Perception The brochure above is one of the products from Intel Core I7 series with the information. When there is a consumer going to a PC Fair and he received this brochure and he does not having any interest on getting a microprocessor, he will know the exists of this product but will not go deeply on it and this is one of the perceptual stage that we called exposure stage. For attention stage, that customer who in the PC Fair when he get this brochure and he having a intention of getting a good microprocessor for gaming or any other usage they will read this deeply and do the research of this product and compare to the other product and at the end they might create a certain sense to this product which might be fastest processor that he can be founded and when the sense is created, it will be another perceptual stage which we call interpretation stage. Motivation Motivation is a inner force which able to drive us to reach the target or goal set to achieve, the inner force might be desires or wishes. For motivation there actually 2 famous theories which able to apply to product and services which is: Maslows Hierachy of Needs W. J. McGuire psychological motives W. J. McGuire psychological motives W. J. McGuire had list out 16 different needs of motive and from this advertisement we know that this actually attract 2 of the needs that have been listed. Needs of stimulus is the first needs that created by this advertisement, this need actually mention that the consumer will always seeking for change due to the boringness or some other reason. So while consumer have been fed up with the old computer which giving a very slow performance. And they will start to look for the information and might adopt Intel Core I7 to fulfill their needs. Teleological need is the second needs created by the advertisement while the consumer always think that their microprocessor should be able to support their computer to run the game fast and smooth but at the end it actually unable to do so. So they will try to look for a new item which able to fulfill their ideal situation, the microprocessor will able to make the game fast and smooth so when they saw the sentence fastest processor on planet, this will attract them and they might try to adopt it to fulfill their need. Learning A consumer might be learns about the featured of the processor due to the performance and durability while the people around him purchase a different microprocessor. So while there is a reward and a punishment given through the evaluation of product from the consumer, he might adopt Intel Core I7 because it might get a better evaluation from the others Memory For consumer who not so interested on purchasing a processor, they would not pay much attention on the attributes of Intel Core i7, so the memory toward the featured of the product is just a short memory while there is a consumer who being very motivated to search for a ideal processor, he will go and do lots of research and comparison between Intel Core i7 and the other processor while he keep doing comparison and research, the memory against the product will slightly change to be a long term memory due to the time he went through it. Attitude Attitude is the feeling on what we feel on certain thing that we can see, touch or heard through our sensory organ and this will be a part of long term memory in our brain and the long term memory will slowly be a belief. While we use Intel processor and we actually satisfy with the product through the durability and the performance, so through the experience we will create a certain belief in Intel that the quality of product is the best and this is a long term belief in our heart and brain. While this belief is stay strong in our mind, other competitors like AMD is very unlikely to convince them to purchase AMD processors. In year 2006, Intel runs a marketing strategy which consists 3 basic strategies that used to change the attitude. The 3 basic include will be change belief, shift importance and changing ideal point. The marketing strategy actually is running a campaign named Sponsor of Tomorrow. In this campaign, Intel trying to change the belief of customer which think that they are just a business organization by telling them the company is not only a business organization but also a company which trying to create a better future through technology and they also trying to tell the consumer that the money is not so important while customer paying a higher price for Intel microprocessor, they also giving a fund to Intel as a sponsor of creating a better tomorrow. Besides that, Intel also trying to changing a ideal point of consumer towards a microprocessor when they are purchasing a Intel microprocessor, they are not obtaining a best processor but also helping Intel to build a better tomorrow. Culture Culture is a ways of life which including but not limited to, language, art, science, thought, spirituality, social activity and interaction. Culture actually is words that represent the entire element mentioned and it would always change due to the different environment that we stay and we born. Nowadays as a modern world, among the teenagers around 7 years old to 20 years old there is a new culture, which called gaming culture. Gaming culture is a culture that the people would enjoy on playing video or computer games and this actually lead to increase of demand of the service of cyber cafà ©, due to the increment of demand. To satisfy the needs and wants from the teenagers cyber cafà © will always need to upgrade their facilities which consists of ram, processor, sound card and the monitor. Intel Core i7 as the latest and the fastest processor will be one of the first choice for those cyber cafà © because it able to provide better performance and the better performance will able to increase the reputation and the sales of the shop. So due this kind of situation, the gaming culture actually increases the awareness of Intel Core i7 among the cyber cafà © to improve their facilities and business. Subculture Subculture is a segment of a culture which having a different social status, history background and belief. For gaming culture, there also a numerous subcultures, such as online gaming culture, Local Area Network (LAN) gaming culture and single playing game culture. For online gaming and single playing game culture, those gamer will most likely to play the game at home but not like the Local Area Network gamers who prefer to play at cyber cafà © to enjoy the group gaming, they would like to upgrade their own computer at home to enjoy the games, so they will pay attention the Intel Core i7 which have a better performance compare to the others and do certain research and purchase it to enjoy their games. Society Society formed by a group of people decided to work together to reach same target or goal. The goal might be form by entertainment, profession, religious or some other factors. For an example, there a group of teenagers who like to play games and have decide to come together just to form a society to enjoy the fun of the game while they started to enjoy game together, they will started to compare the function of the processor due to the performance given when they playing game. Intel Core i7 as the fastest processor will be aware by those people in sense of good performance and able to maximize the satisfaction on gaming. Life cycle stage Life cycle stage consists of 4 different stages which represent our life and started with the day we born. The stages in our life cycle will be child, teenager, adult and aged. Child is the stage while we had born and before 12 years old, teenager will start from 12 years old to 30 years old people, adult will be stage around 30 years old to 50 years old, and the aged will be the people who is exceed 50 years old. For different life cycle stages, people will have different needs and wants with different purchasing power due to the ability they have. For child, they would not have a high purchasing power so they cannot afford a luxury thing and they might not even know what the use of luxury goods, they would just simply like candy which adult and the aged would not adopt. For the segmentation of Intel, Intel Core i7 actually is targeting the teenagers which would like to play game with a good processor and this product is actually affordable for people who around 22 years old once th ey start working. Group The reference group that will help Intel to influence other will be the associative reference group. While there are a group of teenager are using Intel Core i7 for gaming, the new member who not using that product will feel uncomfortable while they talking about the performance of the computer, this lead to the awareness of that member on Intel Core i7 to do research or purchase it Segementation, Positiong and Target Market Intel Core i7 TM Intel Pro 2 Core Intel Core i3 AMD Phenom MCS-40 family Intel Core i5 AMD Opteron Intel Xeon Low Performance Less Innovative High Performance Performance Innovative Asus AMD Turion AMD Athlon Intel Pentium Series AMD K7 series Graph 1: Perceptual mapping against microprocessor available in market (without a support from a statistic data) Segmentation Segmentation is a marketing strategy that used to pick a small group of people from the entire market by different attributes like ageing, height, weight and others. http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=54%3Apopulation-updated-31072009catid=35%3Akey-statisticsItemid=53lang=en Demographic Demographic is one of the best information to segment the market through the ageing, for Intel, they actually targeting the segmentation of the age of 15 to 30, because for this ageing area, most of the citizen will interested to have a better performance of processor for gaming so this actually categorise as Intel Core i7 targeted market. Target Market For Intel Core i7 targeted market will be the consumer is age of 15 to 30, due to the favourable on getting a high performance processor for gaming and following the trend of innovative. Because of this reason, Intel would not like to target the age which is below 15 or above 30 is because of the purchasing power of peopl below 15 is unable to afford that processor and people who above 30 will not interested on the innovative item and the performance of the processor for gaming as well. Positioning In most of the consumer perceptual mapping, Intel Core i7 actually is the lastest and its also the best product due to the confident tag line it having fastest processor on planet and lead to a trend that they think that this is the best product compare to other product like AMD Opteran, Intel i3 and i5 from the speed performance of processor and the graphic supply as well. Product Repositioning For every product, consumer will have a different perceptual mapping against them and their competitors, to reinforce the perceptual level of consumer against their product, most of the company will choose to use different packaging, advertisement slogan and others factors which is useful. For an example, Intel Core i7 advertisement will be one of the product repositioning, due to the sentence wrote in the advertisement fastest processor on the planet this actually did reinforce the perceptual level of the consumer against Intel Core i7 due to the performance level and innovative level because this product is the fastest processor in the planet nowadays, if without this sentence, the perceptual level of consumer will definitely drop. Product Mix Strategy Product Intel Core I7 processor having a better performance and better durability and high graphic support which able to attract the attention of the gamer in the market at the range of age between 20 to 30 years old. Price The cheapest Intel Core I7 processor in Malaysia will cost around RM800.00 which could be consider as a expensive product compare to the other competitors or other Intel product. Intel Core I7 consider as a valuable purchase even those the price is slightly expensive compare to the other due to the performance and the durability given by the product and the licensed operating system Window will also given free while consumer purchase a Intel processor. Place Intel Core I7 processor is a very common processor that able to be found in any IT retailer shop. Except IT retailer shop, Intel Core I7 also can be found in most of the laptop or desktop retailer shop like Dell, Hp Compaq, Acer and Logitech. Promotion In Malaysia, Intel did not do much of the promotion, there just a little advertisement of Intel in Malaysia which mostly appear in Astro TV at ESPN channel, even those not every citizen will aware of Intel Advertisement but there still will be a grow of awareness increase from the advertisement.

odyssey Essay -- essays research papers

In Homer’s The Odyssey, many happenings interfere with Odysseus’ journey to return home to his wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus. Self-determination is a strong characteristic that Odysseus portrays in The Odyssey. The three traits that Odysseus portrays as evidence of his self-determination are: endurance, perseverance, and courage. Odysseus, like most humans, has his doubts of confidence, but seems to overcome them. Out of this great tragedy, he has become a greater man to regain his kingdom and live a long life. He learns that without his determination he would have never returned to his home. Nature played a key role in how the story played out. Nature can interfere and impede human progress but that nature cannot conquer mankind so long as men are willing to face hardship and accept the consequences of their struggle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Trojan War, Odysseus, the handsome, brave hero of The Odyssey makes the god of the sea, Poseidon, angry by claiming that he alone won the Trojan War. Poseidon vows he will make Odysseus' journey home tough. While on the island of the Cyclopes, they find an abandoned cave that is owned by the one-eyed Cyclops Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon. There they become trapped, Odysseus tells him his name is Nohbody, and offers Polyphemus some wine so that he can become intoxicated. Polyphemus becomes drunk, passes out, and Odysseus and his men devise a plan and attack him in his eye with a sharp, hot wooden pole. Polyphemus...

The Crucible - Thomas Putnam :: Arthur Millers The Crucible

Thomas Putnam plays a major role in the Salem witch hunt in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. Inheriting a handsome amount of property makes Putnam a wealthy person; however, it doesn't seem to satisfy his ambition. After the town terribly rejected Putnam's brother-in-law, Bayley, Putnam's bitterness has increased. Finally his prodigious involvement in the relentless accusations places him in the center of the spot light, making him a salient character in both the play and the indignant period of the American history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Putnam has a very large part in initiating the Salem witch hunt. He is the first character who blames unnatural causes for the illness among the children. Furthermore, he firmly believes in the existence of 'vengeful spirits layin' hands on these children';(15). 'There is a murderous witch among us,'; he vehemently cries out(16). His action isn't surprising because he has lost seven newborns and his Ruth is sick. He wants to hunt down the witch, but he needs some aid. He lays his eyes on Parris because Parris is the minister and Betty is also ill. Thus, Putnam tries to coerce Parris to witchcraft. 'Declare it yourself,'; Putnam tells Parris, 'you have discovered witchcraft';(16). At this point, Putnam captures everyone's attention, and then he strikes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Putnam is behind the accusations toward many people. 'Did you ever see Sarah Good with him,'; he questions Tituba, 'or Osburn?';(46). With fear and panic, Tituba confesses she sees the Devil with them. Sarah Good and Osburn are insignificant in Salem. They certainly don't satisfy Putnam's fastidious demand, so he moves on to the next victim and eventually accuses Rebecca Nurse. 'For murder, she's charged! For the marvelous and supernatural murder of Goody Putnam's babies';(71). Putnam truly stands out of the crowd this time. He is perhaps the only person corrupt enough to accuse Rebecca. Last but not to the least he manipulated his daughter to accuse George Jacobs. Does Putnam simply wants to killed the witches and save the children? No, there is something bigger he is after.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Putnam profits remarkably in the Salem witch hunt . The person who initiates the event receives all the benefit. Is it a coincident? It is not. Thomas Putnam must have a plan. At the beginning of the play, the argument between Putnam, Giles, and Proctor shows contentions between people over land. 'The tract is in my bounds, it's my bounds, Mr.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Success. It is something that everyone wants, but no one knows exactly what it is. Some believe it to be how many friends they have, how nice their car is or even being able to stay awake through graduation. I believe it is something different. I believe that success is determined by what a person does with the gifts and opportunities with which they were blessed. Our times at Powell High School have given us both those gifts and the opportunity. We have been fortunate enough to have several wonderful influences shape us into the people we are today. First of all, we should show our undying gratitude to our parents. They tolerated everything that we were able to put them through and they are here about to cry because we are leaving! Even though they seem abandoned, you don't have to worry too much, they will manage. I personally know that my mom has probably spent several nights sleepless wondering what she is going to do with my twin sister Danielle's and my rooms and what color she is going to paint them after we leave. As far as my dad is concerned, I'm sure that he will be ...

Economy contracts in fourth quarter Essay

This article is about the performance of Germany’s economy in the coming year after being affected by the global economic crisis in 2009, and how GDP changes in relation to consumption, exports and also public deficit. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all final goods and services produced within an economy annually; stagnation is when growth in the real GDP is negligible (less than 2-3%) and is sometimes used to describe low trading volume. Due to the global economic crisis, European countries cut their spending on domestic and foreign goods. Germany is affected since most of its goods are exported to Europe. Private consumption within Germany also decreased, dragging GDP down by 0.2% in the forth quarter of 2011. Since GDP is made up of household’s consumption(C), firms’ investments (I), government’s spending (G) and net export of a country (X-M) and is equal to aggregate demand (AD). So when C and (X-M) is reduced, AD for German goods shifts left to AD2, resulting in a decreased price level (P2) and real production at Q2. The diagram illustrates the AD and aggregate supply of German goods. Fig. (1) Decrease in GDP can also be shown in the business cycle, a diagram showing fluctuating levels of economic activity of an economy over a period of time. Currently, Germany’s economy is in the recovery phase with stagnation, because Germany’s economy is recovering from recession in 2009 with slow increase in GDP from 2010 to 2011, and its GDP is predicted to increase in the coming year. Germany is having slow economic growth after coming up from the trough. Yet, the German government successfully reduced its public deficit— amount of its budget expenditure exceeding the expected revenue, cutting fiscal deficit to real GDP ratio to 1 percent and indicating Germany’s ability to pay back its debts has improved. It is because public deficit and national debt is directly related: public debt shrinks if government runs a budget surplus, or a decreased budget deficit. The German government can achieve a lower deficit to real GDP ratio by increasing taxation and decreasing government spending, which will reduce aggregate demand and real GDP. To resolve the problem of decreased exports and real GDP, the German government can employ expansionary fiscal policy to increase real output by increasing its expenditure and/or decreasing taxation. AD2 shifts to AD3 when the disposable income of people increases through reduced taxation and their buying ability improve; or government increases its expenditure. But this would increase public deficit, leaving Germany to either decreases public deficit or improves economic growth. Since it is a member of the Eurozone and its deficit to GDP ratio must be lower than 3% or it will face penalty, it seems rational to continue its efforts to reduce its deficit. Yet, because its debt-to-GDP ratio is quite low, an economic growth is more desirable such that the resulting deficits will be paid for by an expanded economy if expansionary policy is employed. Germany can also consider diversifying the market of its domestic products such that net exports increases, ensuring a stable export performance and reducing the effect of shocks from external demands. German producers can expand their market to some developing countries to their expand income sources. Emerging economies, such as India and China, are dependent on commodity products but also have the buying ability especially for goods with better quality. By increasing the competitiveness of their products, such as price and after-sales service, German firms can compete with producers from non-Europe region. In the long run, this method is more sustainable as there are no costs involved for the government so it will not be a burden to public deficit. But by spreading out the business risks across multiple markets, the impact of one market’s major failure is less. Yet, market diversification comes with its difficulties as well such as understanding the cultural, regional differences or current problems in the potential market through researching, planning, marketing. This process costs highly and does not guarantee success in the new market. In conclusion, Germany’s economy needs improvement on its economic growth and it is wise to achieve this by diversifying the market. Although it will take time and effort, it tackles the main problem of decreased exports and it is more sustainable than expansionary policy due to lesser cost and resources put in by the government. Source Article: Economy contracts in fourth quarter Agencies in Frankfurt Feb 25, 2012 Germany, Europe’s biggest economy, slashed its public deficit to set an example for debt-laden euro-zone economies last year – but its economy also contracted, raising the spectre that the Greek crisis could drag the powerhouse into recession. The public deficit was cut to 1 per cent of gross domestic output in 2011 from 4.3 per cent in 2010, the first time since 2008 when the deficit ratio was below the 3 per cent limit set when the euro zone was established. However, The German economy also shrank 0.2 per cent in the fourth quarter on sagging exports and private consumption. Europe’s fiscal turmoil has forced governments and consumers across the 17-nation euro economy to rein in spending, damping demand for German goods in its biggest export market. Europe’s largest economy may avoid a recession, defined as two successive quarters of declining GDP. â€Å"The German economy is in a soft patch that it is going to overcome,† said Gerd Hassel, an economist at BHF Bank in Frankfurt. â€Å"The fundamentals of the economy are different from countries like Spain and Italy. They’re basically sound.† The GDP data published yesterday shows that the contraction in activity was mainly due to a 0.8 per cent drop in exports, traditionally the main driver of growth in Germany’s economy. Economists now expect the economy to stagnate in the first quarter of this year, dodging the two quarters of negative growth which define a recession, before recovering from the second quarter. After emerging from the 2009 recession with a record 3.7 per cent growth in 2010 and 3 per cent growth last year, the Bundesbank predicts the German economy will expand 0.6 per cent this year. This is compared with Italy’s 1.3 per cent.

Economical Ethics Essay

Each of us as individuals are responsible for our own monies, our own bills, spending habits and we are ultimately responsible for our money which in turn allows us much latitude in how we choose to spend our money. With this said, it can be said that there is little no to no ethics involved when we deal with our own funds or finances. Is this true? No! In fact there are many moral and ethical decisions involved in spending our own money. We must choose to pay our obligatory bills and not go gamble it all away. We are obligated, unless we don’t drive, to pay for our gasoline and not spend it on illicit drugs or other illegal activities. This is the small side of ethics in an economical world. The larger picture of ethics in the economy involves the government, politics, banks and businesses in all forms. In the majority of cases, when one of these entities is dealing with monies, 90% of the time it is money that is owned by the public in some way. This money might be for stocks purchased from a broker, money deposited into a bank, campaign funds or funds approved by a local ballot. There are many factors at play and many more entities than this. They have a much larger responsibility ethically than we do. It is their responsibility to make sure the public’s money is spent as it was given permission to be spent. If we approved for Jones 2 them to spend publics’ money on a playground then that is where it needs to go. Campaign funds, the same thing. I can continue on indefinitely. You have all heard the news where embezzlement of funds, stolen funds, misappropriation of funds happens and in these instances this becomes a crime. The morals that were ignored became an ethical situation that was violated thus violating our trust as the public. It is unfortunate that we face this or the threat of this each day and that we never know when the next person we hold in trust will try and disappear with monies that we, as a whole, have put out there, to try and make something better. Let us exonerate greed and these problems will lessen. Our ethics will improve as will parts of our economy. Jones 1 Davy Jones Professor Mills English 2010 7 July 2004 Global Economy Just what is global economy and what does it do for us or not do for us? Do we as a nation agree with having a global economy? Global economy has slowed down our nation’s production thus eliminating jobs in the USA. What do we get in return? Our global economy has allowed the use of cheaper labor to mass produce items at a much lower cost. This would constitute much of the import trade. What does it cost to fund this trade and take into consideration that dollars in the USA do not equal foreign currency. Does it balance out by time transportation cost and tariffs have been paid? Maybe we have saved a few dollars as a whole but do we really know? What if we pulled back some of this import and foreign labor and allow more of our own nation the ability to work in positions that we do not have available because those positions are in another country. Does this really affect our global economy to the point of despair or will our economy strengthen in our nation because it is our people who work and our people who spend more money. Yes the money does make the world go around and the advocacy to pull all foreign labor is not what this is about. We do need some form of global economy as there is room to have all of us on the same side. Jones 2 There are some parts of the world that have more advanced technology or a specific cheese or wine or lumber that we at this time cannot reproduce. It is the items that we cannot reproduce that should constitute the import trade. With this we do help our nation that much more while still also continuing a needed global economy. Works Cited Liu, Henry, â€Å"The Economics of a Global Empire† http://www. atimes. com/atimes/Global_Economy/DH14Dj01. html August 14, 2002 Dietrich Michael & Rowen Donna, â€Å" Incorporating Ethics into Economics: Problems and Possibilities â€Å" Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series http://www. shef. ac. uk/content/1/c6/03/91/71/SERP2004006. pdf July 2004

Turner (1997) continuously emphasizes the connection

American nation was developing in unique conditions, peculiar in both cultural and geographical sense: ‘The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward, explain American development’ (Turner).European nations were developing within a limited territory; expansion of a nation occurred through conquering other peoples and subjecting them to the nation’s rule. On the contrary, American institutions and society were themselves evolving to meet constantly changing conditions: the ‘expansion westward with its new opportunities, its continuous touch with the simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces dominating American character’ (Turner).American institutions were therefore facing the pressure to expand in order to meet demands of people migrating westwards (Lind). This phenomenon continued and intensified as long as Americans were finding new homes in the west.Frontier is characteriz ed as the line of fast and enduring Americanization. The philosophy of early American development implies changing ‘primitive economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life’ (Turner).However, Slotkin (97) notes that the frontier provided Americans with opportunity to illustrate their fast adaptability to changing lifestyle and environment. This is illustrated by the willingness to face the challenges that were being faced in the new lands out west, where human settlement had never been in such huge scale.Therefore, the central conflict of the frontier era is between nature and culture, between savagery and civilization. This conflict is also central to the classical frontier romance ‘Last of the Mohicans’ by James Fenimore Cooper. This paper will separately explore the dynamic of ‘Americanization’ of male and female characters.Male characters will be analyzed along the continuum from the character stuck in th e European values and way of seeing the world (Gamut) through a character that is ready to accept and to learn from the frontier experience (Major Heyward) to the character that feels comfortable with the hybrid identity (Hawkeye). As concerns female character, Cora and Alice will be analyzed as an opposition of a new mixed American identity and classic European whiteness.

A Lesson Before Dying. “If We Must Die” by Claude Mckay Essay

In the passages â€Å"If We Must Die† by Claude McKay, the speaker set a courageous tone by using words like â€Å"brave†, â€Å"fighting†, and â€Å"honor† in sentences throughout the passage to show that the men were not afraid although they were outnumbered. This work of literature teaches the reader that if a group of people can come together as one they can be more powerful then a greater population. In the literary work â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† by Ernest J. Gaines, Jefferson’s tone was cowardly/immature in the beginning of the book, but as the book progressed his tone changed to him being more spirited and content. In â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† we can learn from Jefferson that although someone puts you down, you should be able to ignore it and move on from it with some pride. The speaker and character in these works of literature used different tones throughout the passages. In the poem â€Å"If We Must Die† by Claude McKay, the speaker conveys a courageous tone throughout the passage. Some examples of the speaker setting a courageous tone are in the lines â€Å"If we must die, let it not be like hogs† and â€Å"If we must die, O let us nobly die† this means that no matter how anyone treats them, if they die, they’re going to die like men with pride and dignity. Also in the line â€Å"Though fat outnumbered let us show brave, and for there thousand blows deal one death blow!† this line sets a courageous tone because although they are far outnumbered and the enemies will be much stronger individually, they’re going to come together as one to attack with more intensity then the enemies. The last line that creates a courageous tone is â€Å"Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back† this means that they fought to the second that they died, dying bravely and with pride. In this passage a courageous tone was set because the speaker talked about even though the men knew they were highly outnumbered and out powered, they still fought with pride to the death. In the book â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† by Ernest J. Gaines, Jefferson showed a cowardly and immature tone. When Jefferson was called a hog by his defense attorney in the beginning of the book he couldn’t get over it. Whenever Grant would visit him and try to help, Jefferson would ignore Grant. Even when Grant brought Jefferson food from Ms. Emma, Jefferson gets on his hands and knees and starts to eat the food as if he was actually a hog. Jefferson began to become obsessed with the fact that he might actually be a hog. Grant thought it was going to be impossible to change his attitude, but Grant tells Jefferson that he his a role model to the black culture in the community and that Bayonne needs him to have dignity. This is when Jefferson’s tone changed to a more spirited and mature tone. He started to mature and engage in conversations with other people. Grant also bought him a radio, which made him saner. Jefferson now started to become content with the fact that he was going to die, and when he does die he’s going to die with dignity and with a positive aura on the black community. Within these two works of literature there are tones, which are used to get a point across more easily and put emphasis on certain details. There are also many similarities and differences between the two works. Some similarities are that in both of the passages they wanted to die like men by the end. Also in â€Å"If We Must Die† and â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† both Jefferson and the speaker were treated like hogs, as well as in both literatures unfortunate situations were occurring throughout the stories. Some differences were that the speaker in â€Å"If We Must Die† had a brighter outlook on things compared to Jefferson who was very negative in the beginning. Another difference is that the speaker overcame being called a hog wanted to die with pride but Jefferson on the other hand was very sensitive about it and took it to the heart. These two works of literature had their similarities and differences but for the most part these passages had similar outcomes and tones.

Self Education Expenses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self Education Expenses - Essay Example Her assert for a deduction is consequently restrained to the first branch of s 8-1(1) which allows loss or outgoing deductible to the extent that; It is adequate if the claimed expending is made "in the course of" gaining or giving rise to the taxpayer's measurable income (Ronpibon Tin NL v Federal Commissioner of Taxation) (www.taxmatrix.com.au) In the present case also it was proved that, what was creative of computable income was the Taxpayer's qualification to receive the Youth Allowance and having continued that qualification all through the appropriate period by fulfilling the activity test. The agreement of that trial, in turn, necessitated her to be entered in a course of education at an educational institution, to be taking on at least three-quarters of the usual amount of full-time study in value of the pertinent course for the period in question and to allow the Secretary to form the judgment that she was making acceptable progress for finishing the course. Actually in the present case, the taxpayer was not employed as a teacher nor was she employed in any other applicable capacity. These expenses were met by her in the course of qualifying for a Teacher's Higher Certificate. The tribunal stated that the applicant was required to be enrolled and make progress in full time study so that she is entitled to receive Youth Allowance. Under such circumstances the costs which she incurred in the course of her studies were allowable as a deduction. The fact that the applicant was enrolled at the Australian Catholic University was "a course of education at an educational institution" pursuant to s541B(5) of the SSA was agreed. The Federal court allowed the expenses in the present case to be deductible on the following grounds: (www.taxmatrix.com.au): a. Such expenditure was supplementary or essential to her gaining Youth Allowance. b. The Commonwealth was paying the taxpayer the Youth Allowance since she was a student; not for studying per se. c. The indispensable character of the taxpayer's expenditure lay in it been incurred in taking on her studies so as to allow her to discharge her course of study and acquire successive employment as a teacher; and d. The expenses were related to or supplementary to the taxpayer's course of study and not to the benefiting or getting of Youth Allowance income. 2. As the ATO is considering whether to appeal this decision, what legal arguments can it put forward in support of such an appeal Critically analyze whether you think these arguments will succeed if the decision is appealed. [Approx 1,000 words] Self education expenses to derive Youth Allowance income is an allowable deduction as ruled in the case of Anstis v FCT. The federal court had held that self education expenditure can be claimed by a taxpayer as deductible expenses. But such expenses had to be incurred as a necessity and also derived as an incident of computable income. In the case mentioned supra the assessable income was the Youth Allowance. In the present case the assessee claimed for a deduction of $920.00 for work-related self-education expenses. The law of Australia lays down that a taxpayer can claim deduction of self education

The Nature of Disease Experienced by David Roy Case Study

The Nature of Disease Experienced by David Roy - Case Study Example As per(Wedro,2013) â€Å"TIAs are often warning signs of a future stroke. The risk of a stroke increases dramatically in the days after a transient ischemic attack† He had speech trouble, difficulty in walking and lower extremity hemiparesis. He is a 51-year-old Hotel Operations Manager who is a working student. David Roy on the visibility of physical difficulty was taken to doctor by his wife in order to understand his health condition. The patient on the onset of the disease was suggested to undergo CT scan, MRI, and Cardiac enzyme test. It was diagnosed that the patient had mini-stroke which is called TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) sites in the heart region. According to (MNT,2009)â€Å" Health experts say a TIA may be a warning. Approximately 30% of people who have a TIA eventually go on to have a stroke†. The intervention was done by the family member who is wife as she is the one who confronted the symptoms of the patient. On witnessing the same, the patient was taken to doctor where medical intervention occurred. Cardiologist conducted CT scan, MRI and Cardiac enzyme test to unleash the medical condition. Conclusion -The patient is on medication and is following strict exercise regimes and eating habits along with medication. He is suggested to take less stress and follow light physical activity and frequent medical checkups. The aim of this case study is to analyze the health condition and explore the living condition of the patient called David Roy. The objective of this health case study is to understand the effect of heart disease on a healthy man and how it can change his lifestyle and living quality. This case study will also look into the reasons behind heart problem and medical intervention possible for the same. A case study reveals the family history of a patient and also projects the problems encountered by a person while suffering a disease. This subject of heart disease of David Roy is important as it gives chance to evaluate the pros and cons of unhealthy living and matters to concentrate in case of adverse diseased conditions. Studying deep into the disease condition of a heart patient, one can understand the nature of health problem and the remedies attached to it. The patient David Roy was a healthy person and leads a normal life with a standard exercise regime. The case study is importan t in highlighting the steps taken by the family members of the patient in observing the person and the symptoms displayed by him during the course of the heart problem. It will also unravel the uncertainties and impact of disease on the specific individual.   

What is the difference between positive economic analysis and Essay

What is the difference between positive economic analysis and normative economic analysis Give one example each of positive and normative economic issue or question or statement - Essay Example Data collection and analysis is used to assert the validity of the statement by backing up the claim made using facts. For example, inflation rate in the economy can be said to be 6%. This statement presents a fact that can actually be proven by evaluating price changes in the economy over a given period of time. In this analysis, claims made by normative statements and/or theories cannot be neither be tested nor empirically proven. Normative statements in most cases employ factual information to make economic claims, but the statements by themselves are not factual. They are therefore logical claims but lack evidence. Normative analysis encompasses high value judgment and personal beliefs. In this regard, they are hard to falsify or verify. People who make normative statements basically present their own opinions, based on their morals and standards of life (Mukherjee 19). Unemployment is better compared to inflation is an example of a normative statement. This statement has no basis of being tested. Therefore, it cannot be empirically

Policy Analysis and Rationality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Policy Analysis and Rationality - Research Paper Example It is a plan of action that aims for desired outcomes. A policy is a set of decisions, which is oriented towards a long-term purpose or to a particular problem. Under ideal conditions, the policy-making apparatus is transparent, open, accessible, and amenable to change. However, often policy implementation reveals a wide gap between what is intended, and what actually the outcomes are. Public policy has two theoretical typologies; one, evidence-based academic inquiry and the other, practicality based institutional and professional experience. Pure research yields us the theoretical knowledge of ‘ what works’ institutional experience yields us the knowledge of ‘ what works in practicality’ The challenge for academics is to produce policy-relevant knowledge that can be practically applied in the field. The focus of activity in the institutional and professional arena is better management of learning and knowledge within government departments and agencies. Institutions help to develop systems, which can facilitate better management of ‘learning’ and enhance knowledge within government departments and agencies (Parsons, 2002). The policy is the administrative framework and mechanism to reach the desired outcomes. Policy decisions lead to outcomes that seek to change things for the better. Broadly and flexible, policy making is a participatory process involving the governments, the people represented by pressure groups and unions, and the media (Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2008). Decisions thus made spell the course of action and guide the present as well as future decisions. The science of policy is pivoted around knowledge, policy-making, and power (Parsons, 2002). Policymaking necessarily consists of three successive stages of agenda setting, option formulation, and implementation. Yet, another stage of monitoring the outcomes and accordingly making directional changes can be added to it.

I hop you can do that for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I hop you can do that for me - Essay Example It serves as a guide to improve service delivery during field operations near and within the communities researched. The Aboriginal people are the indigenous people of Australia who have remained in the same place since the time of creation. Just like many other religions, the Aboriginal religion is signified by having one or multiple gods believed to be the creator of the people and the surround the environment. The Aboriginal people are highly religious and spiritual with everyone within the community subscribed to the religion. The distinguishing factor of the aboriginal people is that the groups within the society pray to different deities usually depicted in tangible or recognizable images forms. These images may take the form of a rock art shelter, a plant, an animal or a landscape feature (The Four Directions Teachings). The deity could embody a landscape feature such as a particular rock which represents a specific figure or could be a result of something that occurred during the creation of the deity. An example of such is a symbol of a river which was formed when the rainbow serpent crossed the area during the creation period or a rock that has a depression which represents either a footprint or a sitting location of an ancestral being. Animism (the belief that natural objects have a soul) is unheard of within the Aboriginal people. A rock, for instance doesn’t possess a soul but it may represent a deity back from when the universe was being created. Reincarnation is also another major belief where animals and plants interchange with human life and that at one point in time, plants were people. As earlier mentioned, the religion of these people is varied amongst the different groups within the larger society. The deities according to the Four Directions Teachings of the Aboriginal people have different responsibilities which are almost impossible to describe with words but

Microeconomices Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Microeconomices - Term Paper Example f individuals, firms, and industries in terms of producing and consuming of economic goods and services, the concept of cost is relevant as it affects microeconomic activities of the units concerned. For consumers and individuals who are not familiar with the concepts of costs, one might have the tendency to discard this as irrelevant and immaterial. However, close examination of these underlying theories would enlighten consumers on their effects on prices and quantities of goods which are normally offered to the public. It is therefore the objective of this essay to present relevant concepts, theories and applications concerning costs in microeconomics. The costs to be discussed range from opportunity cost, production costs, marginal cost, cost of externalities, the law of diminishing returns and economies of scale. It is interesting to note that in economics, all costs are considered opportunity costs. As rationalized by Petroff (par. 2), â€Å"anytime a resource is used for any purpose, it implies that some other good cannot be produced with that quantity of the resource, that some other resource is not used for the given production instead, and that revenues from other production are foregone. Thus, costs are either explicit cost for the resource used or implicit costs from alternative use of the resource.† To use a practical application, for a consumer who decided to buy a television set, the opportunity cost could be the value of a trip to a nearby beach resort which was not taken due to the purchase. Productions costs are normally related to firms or business enterprises engaged in manufacturing or producing goods for sale to the public. The concept of productions costs are not only discussed in microeconomics but more so in accounting or finance. Production managers are tasked with monitoring the costs of raw materials as well as labor and overhead costs to maximize profits. These costs could be classified as fixed, variable and total costs. Petroff

Isotopes in archeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Isotopes in archeology - Essay Example Isotopes are classified into two groups, stable or unstable isotopes, stable isotopes are considered such because of the non-dynamic nature of their proton neutron relationship they do not disintegrate or decay, while unstable isotopes, on the other hand, are known as radioactive isotopes. They are characterized by an unstable proton-neutron combination, in the process of decaying; they emit various types of radiation such as gamma, beta, and alpha, depending on the creation process, ranging from Cosmogenic, to radioactive isotopes. Both classes of isotopes have a wide range of uses in various disciplines such as medicine, agriculture, and geology just to mention a few. This paper focuses on the uses of isotopes in archeology and examines the various uses of isotopes in archeological research, their advantages disadvantages, and alternative techniques. Radio carbon dating One of the most essential functions or radioisotopes is in the determination of the age of archeological especial ly the remains of once living organism which could have died thousands of years ago. This has been used to back up written and historical data in a range of disciplines such as history, evolution and religion. ... The archeologists hence measure the ratio of carbon in the organisms and compare it to the radioactivity of carbon 14 left in the organism (Van der Merwe, 1982). In this way, scientists have been able to determine, and with considerable success, the ages of many plants and animal matter that have been excavated in archeological sites. The main advantage of carbon 14 dating is that is economical, and when done properly after considering all the factors involved, it can produce results that are very accurate. However, it has got some limitations in that if the subject being aged has been in existence for over 50,000 years, it begins to lose accuracy since the carbon isotopes become too small for effective measurement. Besides, environmental changes due to natural or man-made courses such as atomic bombs and nuclear testing has varied the amounts of carbon in the atmosphere making it difficult to come up with accurate results (Van der Merwe, 1982). A new method is, however, being develo ped AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) to counterman these short comings since it can derive more accurate dates from smaller samples of carbon for radio carbon dating. Determination of Geological location Using Strontium (Sr), which is an isotope found in human bones, archeologists can determine the geographical history of humans i.e. where past civilizations have been, their migration and settlement pasts and patterns can be deduced form these isotopes (Bentley, 2006). The strontium isotopes are ideal for this since they act like geochemical signatures, the body takes up the isotopes from the soil through the consumption of plant or animals which have consumed the same plants. The strontium hence embeds itself into the local food chain and substitutes some of calcium in the

Reveiw of Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reveiw of - Research Proposal Example However, a more dominant reason that poses the real problem in containing CHF is the non compliance by patients of the physician’s instructions. This it leads to recurrent hospitalization of the patient and the path to recovery becomes cumbersome and, more often than not, fatal result ensure. Thus, the theory gains importance as on the prospect of evolving the proper means to identify the problems and come up with appropriate solutions to eradicate the same. The major findings to this theory of non compliance to physicians’ instructions stems mainly due to certain factors mentioned below: 1. Inability of patients to recognize correctly signs and symptoms of CHF. 2. Strategic failure to encourage patients to adhere to medication and create awareness and also physicians’ tendency to underestimate the values of preventive treatment. 3. Lack of expertise as well as focused study by physicians and other healthcare professionals in the subject and the areas where scope exists for improvement, to remove bottlenecks, besides curtailing any notion of prejudiced barriers. Therefore, to bring more CHF patients under the ambit of compliance, the task of basic training and education and incorporating many of the solutions and recommendations brought forth in the review of the research work discussed below are expected to help in overcoming the misconceptions of non-compliance. Review of Research In the modern day, with its problematic lifestyles, CHF has become a major threat to human lives. The challenges for healthcare professionals, in controlling this fatal issue in terms of finding solutions of long term nature, are a critical factor. This makes it necessary to identify the hurdles they confront in the process of recovery and rehabilitation of the patients assigned to their care, and how they can overcome the major constraints. Keeping in view this vital aspect, the broader concern that emerges is whether noncompliance plays a key role in recurrent hospitalization of CHF patients because of the physician’s underestimation in preventive treatment for improved outcomes. This major hurdle in efficient management of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Time (PICOT) occurs mainly due to noncompliance by patients of the physician’s instructions due to lack of lack of awareness. In agreement of this hypothesis there exists overwhelming evidence and the reasons for the same, as gleaned from a literature review on the topic, are narrated below: 4. Ignorance and lack of understanding regarding signs and symptoms of CHF. 5. Strategic failure to encourage patients to adhere to medication and creating awareness in them on the need to overcome such problems through strict compliance. 6. The physicians and other healthcare professionals lack expertise in the subject and the areas where scope exists for improvement as well as to remove bottlenecks. Besides, they need to eschew any notion of prejudiced barriers. Hen ce, a formula has to be evolved, where more patients of CHF are brought under the perspective of compliance to preventive treatment and how basic training and education will help identifying the causes as well as signs and symptoms. Besides, it will also facilitate deciding and administrating the medication and treatment that

Geographical Layout of an Area on Its Politics Essay Example for Free

Geographical Layout of an Area on Its Politics Essay What is the effect of the geographical layout of an area on its politics, society, and economy? Physical characteristics of a specific area can have a substantial impact on its history. Regardless of how close one area is to another the outcome of the civilization could be completely different because of how the people have had to adapt to live in their respective areas. This issue would explain how intertwined history is with geography. Europe’s geography provided many disadvantages and advantages which have been the factors for its many successes and failures. Since the majority of Europe is surrounded by water it was a peninsula. This made it so they could trade with ease. The many rivers and mountain ranges of Europe most certainly aided in protecting certain civilizations from invasion or being involved in wars. The wildly vast and diverse geographic features in Europe set the tone for trading routes to prosper, long-lasting cultures to develop, and battles to occur that would change the identity of the region indefinitely. A region’s geographic shape is instrumental in determining what a region will become. Due to Europe’s geographical shape it became a hotspot for any and all trade. With natural resources plentiful Europe was constantly bustling with business. The Iberian Peninsula gave Spain and Portugal easy access to trade with foreign countries. The Balkan Peninsula gave many countries along the Aegean Sea the effortless option to trade. The many Peninsulas provided great advantages for Europeans due to the plentiful food the oceans supplied. These advantages molded many European civilizations into what they are today whether they isolate themselves from others or interact. The specific geographical features within a region provided protection, but also could have provided isolation. The many rivers and mountain ranges of Europe provided many people with fertile soil and a feeling of safety. However, the mountain ranges could stop trade between countries and slow the advancement of technology and knowledge between these regions. The rivers on the other hand would encourage trade and it would flourish. The physical characteristics of a region affect the decisions people greatly. Europe has a wide variety of terrains. Some help the people who live there, while others force people to adapt. These features influenced the development of many areas. For example the Alps acted as a barrier throughout the Punic Wars. It was perhaps the Roman Empire’s greatest asset. Several times Hannibal was forced to attack by sea instead of being able to invade from the North. This is not the only time in history was affected by geographical features. Climate overcame Hitler’s forces in the Invasion of Russia. The cold winter air killed off many of Hitler’s forces. That event alone could have changed the entire turnout of WWII. Europe’s features both hindered and kindled its growth as a world power. People’s choices have always been affected by their surroundings. The geographic features found in Europe were a commodity and the reason Europe succeeded the way it did for so long. Europe is filled with a wide variety of natural resources and geographical features. Sometimes their surroundings were beneficial and other times it was detrimental. Geography affected the choices of everyone. These features are what caused certain trade routes to emerge, cultures to find their identities, and wars to take place where they did.

Ethical Business In The Minds Of Its Customers Commerce Essay

Ethical Business In The Minds Of Its Customers Commerce Essay This paper aims to answer the question Has McDonalds PLC achieved its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the mind of its customers? I chose McDonalds because it is one of the biggest food outlets in the world. Over the years, it has been criticised by costumers for being unhealthy and not environmental conscious. My investigation is based on a comparison of what McDonald claims to change and to work on against the counterclaims posed by the public. In order to fortify my claim, typical case studies of how McDonald has achieved being an ethical business in the eyes of the consumer were presented and analysed. They are: Analysis of the McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy and the McDonalds Happy Meal Challenge. Other research and enquiry was done to further analyse my investigation and they include: a primary research and a secondary research .A primary research was carried out in order to seek the opinion of the people in my local community about the state MacDonalds has reached as an ethical business. To further investigate on this, a secondary research was conducted using the companys sustainable card for the year 2011 in order to determine if McDonalds is environmentally sustainable. Results gotten from this were analysed and it was observed that 60% of the people who answered the questionnaire were not satisfied with McDonald being an ethical company due to certain reasons. The remaining 40% of people wer in support of MacDonalds being ethical. In conclusion, I realised that McDonald is really not as ethical as most allegations claim. With regards to this, suggestions regarding marketing strategies, and organisational structure were given under my recommendations. With these suggestions, McDonald can indeed reach a commendable level as an ethical business someday in the future. Word count: 295 Table of content Abstractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..1 Introductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦3 Research Questionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.3 Investigationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦7 Bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦8 What is ethics?8 Organisational Structure of McDonalds10 Case Studies on McDonalds as an unethical business and Counterclaims by the company as being ethical12 Result Analysis16 Conclusion18 Recommendation..19 Bibliographyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦20 Appendix21 Introduction In 1937, McDonalds was started as a drive-in restaurant by two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald in California. From the beginning, it was making about $200,000 per annum. However, in the 1940s the company began to implement self-service policies called the Speedee system where consumers serve themselves and this boosted their annual earnings. Initially, McDonalds was designed for mass production where people line up to collect their food. During this era, food prices were relatively low and the two brothers considered service and cleanliness as the paramount factors to the success of their business. With this growing in buisness, people started showing interest in this business and wanted to take it on as a franchise. A franchise is an agreement where a business (the franchisor) sells the right to other businesses (the franchisees) allowing them to sell products or to use them to sell products or use the companys name (Dave Hall, Rob Jones. 2004. P.50) This system failed because at this point the Donald brothers were very transparent in their business dealings. In addition, this franchises formed were not able to meet up with standards set by the parent organisation. This encouraged a lot of imitators that copied their business and the format it employed. However, in the early 1990s, McDonalds was facing problems due to changing customer preferences and increasing competition. Customers were becoming increasingly health conscious and they wanted to avoid red meat and fried food. They preferred to eat at other fast food outlets that offered discounts. (Anon. 2002) As at 21 may 2012,McDonalds was ranked by the Fortune magazine (Anon, 2012) as first company in the food services making him the worlds largest fast food chain, selling primarily hamburgers, chicken, French fries and carbonated drinks and more recently salads, fruit and carrot sticks. There are McDonalds restaurants in 120 countries and territories and they serve about 54 millions of customers each day. (Anon, 2006) Such a success implies a lot of responsibilities such as finding the right management style to keep the business running a good Human Resources management in order to have the best workforce to be able to deliver good services and to satisfy the consumers. The consumers are one of the most important elements for a businesss success so there opinion should be considered. Looking at McDonalds which operates in the food industry; it has to provide food that is in respect with consumers health, culture, taste, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This aspect of the business is called Ethics which is a system of moral principles, being in the business context we talk more of Business Ethics. Business ethics could be defined as the moral values that guide the way corporations or other business make decisions (Mark S. Putnam.2002). It is at this junction, my research question: Has McDonalds PLC achieved its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the mind of its customers? comes in. I might be a bit prejudiced in my judgement and answer to this question as I have been a big fan of McDonalds right from childhood. Consequently, I have employed other sources to aid my unbiased and objective analysis of this. Over the years, there have been a lot of cases and reports presenting McDonalds as an unethical business. The question here is; how true are all these allegations which are laid against this company? Are there other perspectives as to its credibility as an ethical business and what are preferable suggestions as to how McDonald can be more ethical, if indeed they are currently considered unethical in the minds of the consumers? All these are going to be analysed in my essay bringing to the limelight both sides of the coin and critically analysing various prominent case studies such as; The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy, and McDonalds Happy Meal Challenge. With all this in mind, conclusions as to whether McDonalds has been an ethical business will be made and preferable suggestions given as to how to boost their image. McDonalds has to portray a good image to its customers and its employees; by offering a good quality of food. This essay aims to investigate the achievement of McDonald as an ethical business over the years as well as its loyalty lies i.e., its profit or the well-being of the community and the environment at large. The problem is that on various accounts, allegations have been laid against McDonalds as an unethical business. Many ethical issues are subjective and are difficult to enforce and easy to neglect that is why I have come up with the title of Has McDonalds PLC achieved its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the mind of its customers? Investigation With regards these allegations passed on McDonalds as to not achieving the standard as an ethical business, a primary research was conducted in the form if a questionaire This was done to find out peoples opinion on this subject matter i.e; whether they think they are ethical or not. I chose a stratified sample of public, because it makes the sample more representative of the whole group. The sample is divided into segments. I therefore chose a sample of 20 people aged from 17 and plus and all of them went to different locations in the world. The questionnaire was launched on Survey Monkey (Darrell, 2012), so that everybody could fill it, and I will make the results more general. As secondary research I looked at the McDonalds Sustainability scorecard and for the year 2010 and 2011 (refer appendix 1), to look at the goals that McDonalds has set to meet in terms of ethics. These goals could be included in the questionnaire for the customers to counter or to confirm their affirmation of being ethical. I also looked for different articles and point of view about McDonalds ethics which will be used to counter McDonalds opinion about its ethics. They are: Analysis of The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy and the McDonalds Happy Meal Challenge. Body What is Ethics? The ethics of a business depends upon the values of its employees. The ethical stance of a business is likely to be determined by the values of senior managers, directors and other important stakeholders. It will also be influenced by codes of conduct which may operate in the industry. The term ethical is used to refer to businesses which explicitly recognise the importance of social responsibility and the need to consider its actions upon stakeholders. This has led to the rise of stakeholder concept. Some businesses now take into account the needs of employees, customers, suppliers and the local community as well as shareholders when making important business decisions. The benefits of this approach might include the following: If the needs of the McDonalds employees are taken into account which is usually a higher salary they may be more motivated, more productive, more loyal, more flexible and less likely to leave. However if McDonalds chooses to focus too much on shareholder needs might find it difficult to recruit high quality staff. If businesses have a higher regard for the local community they might win their support. For example, if the local community is consulted when expansions plans are announced, there may be less resistance to the construction of new buildings. Having their regard for the local community is also likely to improve the image of the company. In this case, McDonalds could consult the local communities about the food they serve and their origin, this will make less protestations and this will give McDonalds the image of an ethical business. If the needs of customers are satisfied more effectively there is likely to be an increase in business. For example, if McDonalds deal with complaints in a friendly and supportive manner, customers are more likely to return and spread the good word. One way of considering the impact of businesses upon society is to view all the groups affected by the behaviour of a business as a stakeholders. The stakeholders in the case of McDonalds are likely to include customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, government and local communities. The following lines of my extended essay will mainly be the comparison and the analysis of some information collected from McDonalds which obviously would described itself to be an ethical against some articles found on the internet which contradicts the version of McDonalds of being ethical. While a business is considering its stakeholders, a problem could possible arise which is the ethical dilemma. Ethical dilemma is the moral decisions  that  have to be made when choices are equally unfavourable.  With McDonalds being so popular, they have to meet the demand of their patrons, but at the same time, think of ways to make more sales, cut costs, and basically maximize the profits of the firms.  During these processes, they face many ethical dilemmas concerning their consumers and competitors. Many Fast food restaurants serve foods that are unhealthy to a high fat content which is detrimental to the health of its loyal consumers. They are basic decisions that these fast-food restaurants like McDonalds have to make with regards to serving healthy food. Should they increase the cost of food served and provide healthy meals or serve deep-fries that can cause health hazards in the long run. Most fast-food restaurants tend to imitate menus of their competitors. For example, McDonalds started selling twisters also known as curly fries which was originally a product of AW. This food was very high in price at the expense of the consumers as it was unhealthy. This is unethical and these outlets should invest into Research and Development of new foods which would have the health of their consumers at heart rather than copying their competitors and exploiting their customers (Anon. 2008). In some cases, these Fast-food outlets tend to cut down the portions of food served. Many of McDonalds customers have noticed that the burgers are smaller (Anon,2008). Thus they are not satisfied after eating the food. The company increase the price of the food in order to meet the demands of the consumers. This will then make the consumers buy more in order to be satisfied. At this point, there is a question that comes in; Should McDonalds reduce the amount of food served at the same price in order to maintain their reputation of being honest or to increase the price to maintain their net profit and destroy the reputation as an unethical business? In order for these fast-food restaurants to be ethical, the decisions made could either be detrimental to them in terms of their profit margin although it would be to the benefit of the consumers. In this capitalist economy nowadays, which fast-food outlet is ready to suffer at the expense of their consumers? Organisational Structure of McDonalds To be able to answer if McDonalds is an ethical company in the mind of its customers I am going to look at the organisations structure of McDonalds. McDonalds Corporation franchises and operates McDonalds restaurants in the global restaurant industry. These restaurants serve menu at various price points providing value in 119 countries globally. This is due to the difference in currencies and of the consumer wealth due to the different GDP per capita of these countries as well as the varying exchange rate system. All restaurants are operated either by the Company or by franchisees, including conventional franchisees under franchise arrangements, and developmental licensees and foreign affiliated markets under license agreements (Anon, Unknown). McDonalds has a centralized organisational structure. It means that the decision making and the authority are in the hands of few persons in the McDonalds head office. The franchises around the world are dictated how to order, cook and prepare all the food from McDonalds headquarters. The headquarters also make decisions on the price at which the products have to be sold (Anon, 2012). Referring to their Global Sustainability Scorecard in the appendix 1, McDonalds claims to be an ethical business by giving back to the community and the environment by working with schools and local organisations, and by showing how it has improve his food and how it improved the working conditions at McDonalds. According to their scorecard, in the countries they operate they have been able to raise $ 170 million from all the countries through the McHappy Day (McDonald Corp. 2011) and $27 million from customer donations. I can actually say that McDonalds undertakes some actions for its community, but it does not actually say what they plan to do with the money they have raised and the reason why they raised money. McDonalds is undertaking actions to give itself an ethical image but it still uses the customers to collect funds instead of using a part of the huge profits it makes. However, it has included fruits and vegetables in its menu in their restaurants in North and South America and West Europe. This could probably mean that they are conscious that their food is healthy enough for their customers. But McDonalds could appear more ethical in the mind of its worldwide customers if it expands the new menu into the others restaurants in the world, since McDonalds has been accused by health campaigners in America and Europe of helping to cause an obesity epidemic. Case Studies on McDonalds as an unethical business as well as Counterclaims by the company as being ethical. While researching on the McDonalds ethics an article called McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy (Anon. 2002) was found where McDonalds was sued by Hindu activists in India because of the French fries that were falsely promoted to be 100% vegetarian, while there was some beef flavouring in it. This case could be classified as unethical, because McDonalds does not respect the religious values of Hindus, thus its social responsibility towards it customers is eluded. Social responsibility is the duty that a business owes those who are directly or indirectly affected by its activities. McDonalds headquarter makes most of decisions and the franchises follow the orders from the headquarters. This could lead to a problem as there might be bureaucracy and these franchises might not be honest. This affects the image of McDonald, since there is no control of what is being done in the others restaurant. Disadvantages such due to lack of centralised organisational structure could arise as there is no control of the subsidiaries. Thus, franchises have no power to make decisions without consulting the managers due to bureaucracy. McDonalds mission is to be the favourite family restaurant and it believes that this involves protecting the environment at a local and global level. McDonald strives to ensure that its operations today do not have a negative impact on the lives of the future generations. McDonalds goal is to achieve continuous environmental improvement so it complies with all current legislation and where possible, acts in anticipation of future environmental legislation McDonalds bases its environmental program around the hierarchy of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle and are committed to continuous review, evaluation and improvement of its program. This includes targets and monitoring and reporting on progress towards meeting them. McDonalds business impacts on the environment through: -Sourcing agricultural products and other materials to serve and build its restaurants -The operation of its restaurants and administrative functions. McDonalds aim to address these impacts by: -Improving energy efficiency -Minimise impacts associated with odours, noise. Previously, there were most famous environmental issue. It was suggested that McDonalds had destroyed hundreds of acres of Brazilian rainforest to make way for large-scale cattle ranching. This not only removes a valuable natural resource, but also has an impact on global warming, as the rainforest is an essential mechanism for the absorption of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. McDonalds also annually produces over a million tons of packaging used for just a few minutes before being discarded. Traditionally a number of ozone depleting gasses were used in polystyrene foam packaging. In the 21st century, McDonalds uses almost all recycled packaging. However, the company still faces criticism due to the amount of waste it produces. Each of McDonalds US restaurants produces 238 pounds of waste per day and each of its U.S. regional distribution centres disposes of another 900 pounds of waste per day'(Kevin Thompson. 2006). This is not only expensive to dispose of, but also difficult when considering that similar quantities of waste are being produced around the world. Aside from the pollution from factories where the food is produced, the unusable waste from nearly all the food they sell, and the massive amounts of power and energy that are required to keep all branches up and running, this corporation is destroying natural rain forests. McDonalds like to purchase their meat from privatised farms, which is not a problem in itself. The conflicts arise when these privatised farmlands are built on the land where a lush rainforest once resided. So not only is McDonalds polluting the air, but they are destroying a large part of what would help to keep clean it out. McDonalds has also been accused for internal ethical issues related to the working conditions and treatment of employees. McDonalds employs over 1 and a half million people worldwide, over half of them are under 21 years old. McDonalds has adopted age differentials between adult and younger workers, meaning that they pay most of their employees less than the normal adult minimum wage. For example, McDonalds pays some 16-year olds as little as $6.80 an hour. McDonalds employees also experience poor working conditions with discrimination, illegal working hours, and poor safety conditions (Kevin Thompson.2006). There is little that can be done about this due to the absence of trade unions, within McDonalds, to represent staff. If Milton Freemans theory of stakeholders is adopted, the needs and expectations of staff are just as important as those of customers. McDonalds employees are frequently underpaid for the amount of time that they work which often extends into illegal amounts of labour hours. The farmers from which they get their food are also generally underpaid for the amount of produce and meat which they sell to the corporation, particularly considering the cost that many of these farms have regarding the environment and health of the workers, therefore the buyer power of McDonalds constraints. Over the past 30 years McDonald has been mainly criticised over one thing: its food which is claimed to contribute to the increased-level of obesity in US and in the other developed countries. 1 in 5 adults are dangerously overweighting in the UK, while it was reported that 300,000 deaths a year in the U.S related to obesity. McDonalds has also been criticised for exploiting children with advertising, with the Happy Meals where there are toys, as well as colourful advertising campaigns and promotions in schools. The unhealthy diet of many children is contributed with these marketing tactics. Results analysis I observed that most people dont have a concise idea of what an ethical business is, thus 60% of them as shown in Fig 1 see it as unethical because they think that the food is unhealthy as it has too much fatty and oily food served and healthy food like salad are not served. The chart in Fig 2 follows up this analysis, as 50 % of people who answered this questionnaire think there are now more fruits an vegetable and the other 50% think otherwise. Results from here show that many people think that McDonald has not made a big effort to make the foods healthy as they only focus on the profit rather than the health of their customers. On the other hand, 75% of the respondents agree that, McDonalds sells food that come from sure suppliers. This is because they have read about this information in the different outlets they have been to. The other 25% think the opposite because they have seen unfit items like; human hair in fries, among others which has made them unhappy and discontent. Being more specific, I have noted that people have differents point of view on the environmental aspects of McDonalds restaurants. Looking at the diagram above, 75% of people think that most McDonalds restaurants are not ecological, because of the amount of energy that is used for the lightning, the heating, and for the different machines that are used in the food processing. They believe that they do not recycle the paper used to serve take-away food. This 75% account for people who visited McDonalds restaurants in Europe. With this questionaire, the opinions of various people where taken into consideration. However, there might have been some bias in judgement as people might like other fast-food restaurants like :Pizza Hut, Burger King, SubWay. This could have in one way affected the response given to qestions in the questionnaire. On the other hand, people given this quesstionqire might not have bee knowlegable enough as regsrd the definition and the hidden aspects of ethics. This could have led to misjudgement of Mc.Donalds as an ethical buisness. In addition, people who responded to the questionnaire have visited different oultets of Mc.Donalds, this would greatly influence their judgemnet as McDonlads is a franchise .Thus different standards might exist as they are managed by different individuals. The McDonalds in America might be different from that in theU.K , although they sell the same type of food, the managerial structure is not necessarily the sam as it is a franchise. Conclusion Looking at the analysis, made and the results gotten from the questionnaire, it can be assumed that McDonalds has failed to achieve its objective of being seen as an ethical business in the minds of its customers. Resources from the internet, journals and questionnaire have helped in examination of this question and conclusion. Articles such as ; Analysis of The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy have shown that MacDonalds is an unethical business. In this article, McDonalds falsely marketed its fries made with beef flavouring to its Hindu customers without letting them know about the presence of beef seeing as they are vegetarians. Although, McDonalds pays their workers according to age, this often discriminatory as the duties in this outfit is not necessarily assigned according to age. This practice goes against the concept of an ideal ethical business. Through this analysis made in this essay, there is another question that could arise, which will to a deeper discussion and consistent thinking about business of nowadays, should be more carry about their stakeholders, or they should be thinking of making more profits. Recommendation Marketing Strategy Marketing Strategy could be defined as an  organizations  strategy  that combines all of its  marketing  goals  into one  comprehensive  plan. A good marketing strategy should be drawn from  market research  and focus on the right  product mix  in order to  achieve  the maximum  profit potential  and sustain the  business. The marketing strategy is the  foundation  of a  marketing plan (Anon. 2012). While investigating we found out that McDonalds have claimed to make some changes which were not known by the customers because it has not been advertised, thus customers have kept seeing McDonalds as an unhealthy and unethical business. On this point we could recommend to McDonalds show to its customers that it has improved his menu for example. To be more efficient they should also undertake questionnaires to customers to find out what they think about them. Organisational structure Most McDonalds restaurants are franchisees and from my investigation we found that it is problem in terms of communication. When the head quarter emits new ideas or new strategy, franchisees might not apply the idea of McDonalds headquarters; therefore the franchises could give an unethical image to the customers which are probably not the aim of the head quarter. So what McDonalds could do it to ask for report from the different McDonalds restaurants in other countries of the different changes they could have decided to do. This will help McDonalds to be more concerned and involved in what is happening in these other outlets around than world. Bibliography Anon. (Unknown).  McDonalds Corp. Full description.  Available: http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=MCD. Last accessed 31/10/12. Anon. (2002).  The McDonalds Beef Fries Controversy. 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(2012).  Our annual ranking of Americas largest corporations.  Available: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/snapshots/2262.html. Last accessed 04/12/12 Darrell Passigue. 2012.  Questionnaire.  Available: http://fr.surveymonkey.com/MySurvey_EditorFull.aspx?sm=lfUVEfNQzdOk5wMYi2Y5467mI8nrZsagIwRrzTGL_2B2o_3D_0A. Last accessed 04/12/2012. Dave Hall, Rob Jones,CarloRaffo. (2004). Business Organisations in the Private Sector. In: Ian Chambers and Dave Gray  Business Studies. p50. Kevin Thompson. (2006).  Ethical Criticism of McDonalds.  Available: http://voices.yahoo.com/ethical-criticism-mcdonalds-147813.html?cat=3. Last accessed 04/12/12. Mark S. Putnam. (2002).  Ethical Values for Business Success.  Available: http://www.globalethicsuniversity.com/articles/valuesforsuccess.htm. Last accessed 21 Nov. 2012. Marketing strategy definition.  Available: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-strategy.html. Last accessed 02/12/2012.